ABSTRACT

Background:
We designed this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate a pooled odds ratio of developing MS by coffee consumption.

Methods:
PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Ovid, and google scholar were searched by an expert researcher for articles published before January 2024. The gray literature including references from included studies, and conference abstracts was searched.

Results:
The literature search revealed 521 articles; after deleting duplicates, 323 articles remained. Eight studies were included for meta-analysis. A total of 2193 MS cases and 2344 controls were evaluated. In cases, 1072 individuals were coffee users, while 1295 individuals in the control group were coffee consumers. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of coffee consumption and risk of MS was 0.78 (95%CI:0.69-0.88) (I2 = 92.9%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of MS in pooled analysis, but the substantial heterogeneity limits the strength and generalizability of this conclusion. Larger, multi-centric studies are recomended.

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