ABSTRACT

Objective: Aim:
Caffeine is popular stimulant added to a lot of drinks, such as coffee, tea, sodas, and energy drinks. However, there is a dispute over how caffeine affects reproduction and fertility for both men and women. This review aims to provide an insight into this matter including the impact of caffeine on male and female fertility, primary infertility, fertility treatment outcomes, time to pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, sperm ploidy, assisted reproductive technologies, sperm DNA and semen quality.

Patients and methods:
Materials and Methods: The review is based on the thorough analysis of the materials selected from "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" scientific databases using the following key words: caffeine; coffee; fertility; infertility; tea. These key words were chosen based on their relevance to the matter of an article.

Conclusion:
Conclusions: According to the researched studies, moderate caffeine consumption does not pose a hazard for fertility neither regarding men, nor women. However, high caffeine intake, may pose reproductive risks, including an increased miscarriage risk in women and compromised semen quality in men. These findings support the current health guidelines recommending caffeine intake moderation for individuals of reproductive age. Nonetheless, further studies are required to clarify the nuanced effects of caffeine on fertility and assisted reproductive technologies outcomes to provide individuals with the essential knowledge to make proper dietary choices during family planning.

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