ABSTRACT

Background:
Coffee consumption is a widespread habit globally, and especially among Saudis. However, its association with sleep quality remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of coffee consumption on sleep quality among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study utilized an electronic survey targeting residents of the Jazan region aged 18 years and older. Melatonin users, those on caffeine-restricted diets, and non-consenting participants were excluded. The survey included demographic data, coffee intake patterns, and the Sleep Quality Scale (SQS).

Results:
Among the 824 participants, 695 (84%) reported consuming coffee, with a mean daily intake of 2.24 ± 1.61 cups. Good sleep quality was reported by 92% of participants (mean SQS score: 41 ± 14). No significant association was found between coffee intake and sleep quality (daily drinker: β = 1.66, p = 0.415; regular drinker: β = 2.72, p = 0.151). However, males had better sleep quality (β = -4.17, p < 0.001). In contrast, military occupation (β = 6.95, p = 0.019), longer electronic device use (β = 0.39 per hour, p = 0.001), ex-smoking (β = 4.58, p = 0.010), and khat use (β = 4.84, p = 0.034) were associated with poorer sleep quality.

Conclusions:
Despite high coffee consumption in Jazan, no significant relationship was observed between coffee intake and sleep quality. However, gender, occupation, electronic device usage, smoking, and khat chewing were significant factors. Future studies should incorporate objective measures and target individuals at risk.

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