ABSTRACT

Scope:
Since associations between coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic respiratory disease (CRD) remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate the separate and combined associations of coffee and tea consumption with CVD, CRD, and their comorbidity.

Methods and results:
Within the UK Biobank, 390039 participants (56.2±8.1 years) free of CVD and CRD were included. Coffee and tea consumption were self-reported at baseline. During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 31126 CVD, 34132 CRD, and 6071 CVD-CRD comorbidity cases were identified. J-shaped associations between coffee and tea consumption with CVD, CRD, and CVD-CRD comorbidity were observed (P for nonlinearity<0.001). Compared to non-coffee drinkers, HRs (95% CIs) of participants who drank 2-3 cups/d coffee were 0.91 (0.88-0.94) for CHD and 0.93 (0.87-0.99) for stroke. Compared with neither coffee nor tea consumption, HRs (95% CIs) of combined consumption of moderate coffee and tea (each 2-3 cups/d) were 0.88 (0.81-0.96) for CVD, 0.78 (0.72-0.84) for CRD, 0.74 (0.61-0.91) for CVD-CRD comorbidity, whereas heavy coffee consumption (≥6 cups/d) had increased risk of CVD-CRD comorbidity (HR, 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00-1.54).

Conclusion:
Moderate consumption of coffee and tea separately or in combination were associated with lower risk of CVD, CRD, and their comorbidity.

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