Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS:

Coffee consumption has been proposed to reduce risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic liver disease (CLD), but few data are available from prospective, US, multi-ethnic populations. We evaluated the association of coffee intake with HCC and CLD in 162,022 African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites in the US Multiethnic Cohort (MEC).

METHODS:

We collected data from the MEC, a population-based prospective cohort study of more than 215,000 men and women from Hawaii and California, assembled 1993-1996. Participants reported coffee consumption and other dietary and lifestyle factors when they joined the study. During an 18-year follow up period, there were 451 incident cases of HCC and 654 deaths from CLD. Hazard rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression, adjusting for known HCC risk factors.

RESULTS:

High levels of coffee consumption were associated with reduced risk of incident HCC and CLD mortality (Ptrend ≤.0002). Compared to non-coffee drinkers, those who drank 2-3 cups/day had a 38% reduction in risk for HCC (RR=0.62; 95% CI, 0.46-0.84); those who drank ≥4 cups per day had a 41% reduction in HCC risk (RR=0.59; 95% CI, 0.35-0.99). Compared to non-coffee drinkers, participants who consumed 2-3 cupscoffee/day had a 46% reduction in risk of death from CLD (RR=0.54; 95% CI, 0.42-0.69) and those who drank ≥4 cups/day had a 71% reduction (RR=0.29; 95% CI, 0.17-0.50). The inverse associations were similar regardless of the participants’ ethnicity, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, or diabetes status.

CONCLUSIONS:

‍Increased coffee consumption reduces the risk of HCC and CLD in multi-ethnic US populations.