- A 2018 systematic review considered a dose response effect suggesting that the consumption of coffee was inversely associated with the risk of hypertension in a dose–response manner. The hypertension risk was reduced by 3%, 5%, 8% and 10% for 2, 4, 6, and 8 cups per day, respectively, compared with individuals with no coffee intake23
- A 2019 dose-response meta-analysis suggested a significant protective effect of coffee consumption on hypertension starting from the consumption of 3 cups of coffee per day24
- A 2021 review concluded that a moderate and habitual consumption of coffee (1-3 cups per day) does not adversely affect blood pressure in most people, including those with arterial hypertension. However, the authors did suggest that occasional, rather than habitual coffee consumption, may have hypertensinogenic effects25
